How Much Does A St. Louis City Alder Seat Cost?

I have no idea how much candidates for St. Louis City Alder and Board President raised and spent in 2023 or 2025. I could go thru campaign finance reports filed at Missouri Ethics Commission. But those figures would be highly problematic because of independent spending by political action committees (PACs), legal money laundries in Missouri.

What I can tell you about is the St. Louis City-based PAC, that now has an agenda before the Board of Alders and City economic development boards, that spent a lot of money electing the Board of Alders in recent years. A LOT.

Civic Progress Action Committee, the PAC for Civic Progress, and its successor 21st Century St. Louis PAC, the PAC for Greater St. Louis, have a 24 year history online at MEC. It’s a history showing dramatic changes in purpose and how they operate– two different eras, different goals.

Civic Progress Action Committee was run for many years by Walter L. Metcalfe, Jr. and Alfred E. Kerth, III. Civic Progress was a rich white man’s club, the captains of industry. Their PAC was noblesse oblige politics.

Civic Progress Action Committee paid for lunch meetings at private clubs including St. Louis Club and The Bogey Club. It paid for administrative services from FleishmanHillard, Bryan Cave, PricewaterhouseCoopers, RubinBrown, and Civic Progress Inc. It invested hundreds of thousands of dollars in Euro Dollar Bonds. Nothing like that shows up in 21st Century St. Louis PAC’s reports.

Civic Progress Action Committee hired lobbyists to monitor and testify at hearings: 35 checks, $5,000 each to Nexus Group from February 2018 to December 2020; 33 checks, $5,000 to $10,000 each to Dentons, previous employers of Nexus Group, from January 2015 to February 2018. Lobbyist Dick Wiles, a Jefferson City fixture for decades, once represented Civic Progress as well.

Greater St. Louis has 15 lobbyists, both at the State Capitol and at City Hall. They are not paid by 21st Century St. Louis PAC. At City Hall and at economic development board meetings (corporate welfare) the organization is served by attorney David Sweeney, former Clerk of the Board of Alders and considered a “friend” by most Alders and other elected officials at City Hall. Sweeney also lobbies for many developers. Generally, Alders rubberstamp projects that Sweeney represents.

One thing that Civic Progress Action Committee did not do was consort with City Alders, donate to candidates, or make Independent Expenditures to elect candidates. That all changed when Civic Progress merged with several organizations to become Greater St. Louis and Jason Hall, its CEO, took over Civic Progress Action on August 3, 2022. Good luck finding a news article on this merger that is objective, not mostly propaganda.

In 2023, 21st Century St. Louis PAC helped elect two Alders representing the City’s central corridor and lesser amounts on eight other successful candidates, 12 of 15 votes on the Board including Board President Megan Green. In 2025, the PAC helped elect 8 of 8 Alder seats on regular and special election ballots, a majority of votes on the Board.

In 2023, 21st Century St. Louis PAC’s $42,936.02 in direct expenditures and contributions were pivotable to helping nine-year Washington University employee Michael Browning defeat two incumbent Alders- Tina “Sweet-T” Pihl and Michael Gras- to become Alder of the City’s Central West End’s new 9th Ward, a product of consolidating wards from 28 to 14 and subsequent redistricting. Another $40,936.03 went to the re-election of 14th Ward Alder Rasheen Aldridge, one of two Downtown Alders.

In 2025, 21st Century St. Louis PAC spent $13,936.68 on Alder Browning, who had neither a primary nor general election opponent, and $26,379.91 electing banker Jami Cox Antwi as Downtown’s second Alder, the 8th Ward seat vacated by the election of Alder Cara Spencer to Mayor.

Another $16,183.60 went to the re-election of 1st Ward Alder Anne Schweitzer; $16,533.44 to help re-elect 7th Ward Alder Alisha Sonnier; and $13,978.68 to re-elect 11th Ward Alder Laura Keys; plus, smaller amounts for another four Alders.

Browning and Aldridge have sponsored millions and millions of dollars in corporate welfare for developers in the City’s central corridor (Central West End to Downtown)- property tax abatements (which reduce revenue to public schools), sales tax exemotions, developer-controlled special taxes, and more. Antwi is the Board’s newest member but will predictably follow in the footsteps of Spencer and, before that, Alder Phyllis Young, in sponsoring millions in corporate welfar for Downtown developers. That’s why Greater St. Louis invests money in Alder elections. And the sky’s the limit on how much.

Most of the money spent by 21st Century St. Louis PAC was by Direct Expenditure. In Missouri, these are funds to support or oppose a candidate or ballot measure without giving directly to a candidate or committee, money for mailings, robo calls, digital advertising, etc.

Direct Expenditures are a way around campaign finance contribution limits. A PAC can donate the legal limit, for Alders that’s $2,600, then spend as much as it wants in Direct Expenditures. 21st Century St. Louis PAC did exactly that.

Direct Expenditures are also only reported by the PAC making them. They do not show up on beneficiary candidate or ballot committee reports. You have to know who the players are in an election and track their reports available online at Missouri Ethics Commission. The spending may attract news media attention for statewide candidates and ballot issues but rarely local elections.

January 2023 to October 2025
21st Century St. Louis PAC
Direct Expenditures Benefiting St. Louis City Candidates
06/30/2025 $11,627.82 Alder Jami Cox Antwi
06/13/2025 $12,152.03 Alder Jami Cox Antwi
03/24/2025 $14,183.60 Alder Anne Schweitzer
03/24/2025 $13,933.44 Alder Alisha Sonnier
03/24/2025 $13,836.68 Alder Michael Browning
03/24/2025 $13,718.68 Alder Laura Keys
03/29/2023 $6,686.28 former Alder Joe Vollmer
03/29/2023 $6,686.27 former Alder Joe Vaccaro
03/27/2023 $11,140.06 Alder Michael Browning
03/27/2023 $11,140.07 Alder Rasheen Aldridge
03/22/2023 $11,235.48 Alder Michael Browning
03/22/2023 $11,235.48 Alder Rasheen Aldridge
03/20/2023 $15,960.48 Alder Michael Browning
03/20/2023 $15,960.48 Alder Rasheen Aldridge

January 2023 to October 2025
21st Century St. Louis PAC
Contributions to St. Louis City Electeds and Failed Candidates
05/28/2025 $2,600 Alder Jami Cox Antwi
03/26/2025 $2,600 Alder Laura Keys
02/13/2025 $2,600 Alder Anne Schweitzer
02/13/2025 $2,600 Alder Matt DeVoti
02/13/2025 $2,600 Alder Alisha Sonnier
12/17/2024 $2,600 Alder Pam Boyd
12/17/2024 $2,600 Alder Shane Cohn
12/17/2024 $2,600 Alder Laura Keys
10/09/2024 $2,600 Alder Michael Browning
12/14/2023 $2,600 Circuit Attorney Gabe Gore
03/10/2023 $2,600 failed Alder candidate J.P. Mitchom
03/10/2023 $2,600 Alder Rasheen Aldridge
03/10/2023 $2,600 Alder Michael Browning
03/10/2023 $2,600 Alder Tom Oldenburg
03/10/2023 $2,600 Board President Megan Green
03/10/2023 $2,600 Alder Shane Cohn
03/10/2023 $2,600 Alder Daniela Velazquez
03/10/2023 $2,600 Alder Pam Boyd
03/10/2023 $2,600 former Alder Joe Vollmer
03/10/2023 $2,600 Alder Laura Keys
03/10/2023 $2,600 former Alder, now Mayor Cara Spencer
02/21/2023 $2,600 Alder Shane Cohn
02/21/2023 $2,600 Alder Daniela Velazquez
02/21/2023 $2,600 former Alder, now Mayor Cara Spencer
02/21/2023 $2,600 former Alder Joe Vollmer
02/21/2023 $2,600 Alder Michael Browning
02/21/2023 $2,600 former Alder Mike Gras
02/21/2023 $2,600 Alder Laura Keys
02/21/2023 $2,600 Alder Pam Boyd
02/21/2023 $2,600 former Mayor Tishaura Jones
02/21/2023 $2,600 former Comptroller Darlene Green
02/21/2023 $2,600 Board President Megan Green
02/21/2023 $2,600 Alder Tom Oldenburg
02/21/2023 $2,600 former Alder James Page
02/21/2023 $2,600 Alder Rasheen Aldridge

Who funded the 21st Century St. Louis PAC’s efforts in St. Louis City Alder campaigns in 2023 and 2025?

January 2023 to October 2025
21st Century St. Louis PAC Funders

07/29/2025 $7,372.44 STL Regional Chamber PAC*
02/27/2025 $5,000 Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner (law firm)
02/23/2025 $5,000 David Peacock (Advantage Solutions)
02/03/2025 $5,000 David Peacock (Advantage Solutions)
12/2/2024 $10,000 John Tracy (Dot Family Holdings)
11/12/2024 $25,000 Andrew Taylor (Enterprise Mobility)
10/23/2024 $5,000 Commerce Bancshares
10/10/2024 $10,000 Ameren (utility, strong interest in data centers)
10/07/2024 $20,000 Lodging Hospitality Management (developer, hotelier)
08/23/2024 $4,500 Jerome Schlichter (attorney)
08/23/2024 $4,500 Susan Schlichter (retired)
08/20/2024 $5,000 Michael Konzen (PGAV)
08/14/2024 $10,000 John Tracy (Dot Family Holdings)
08/13/2024 $10,000 Thompson Coburn (law firm)
08/12/2024 $20,000 Jerald Kent (Tierpoint and Cequel 3, data center)
08/16/2024 $5,000 Schnuck Markets
09/05/2023 $10,000 John Tracy (Dot Family Holdings)
03/29/2023 $4,000 Lodging Hospitality Management (developer, hotelier)
03/29/2023 $4,000 Susan Schlichter (retired)
03/27/2023 $10,000 Thompson Coburn (law firm)
03/27/2023 $5,000 Spire PAC (utility)
03/24/2023 $2,500 Commerce Bancshares
03/21/2023 $5,000 900 N Tucker LLC (developer,Old Post-Dispatch Bldg, data center, Interco Plaza)
03/20/2023 $10,000 Jerald Kent (Tierpoint and Cequel 3, data center)
03/20/2023 $3,000 Edward L. Dowd Jr. Living Trust (attorney)
03/17/2023 $20,000 First Bank
03/16/2023 $10,000 Post Holdings (consumer packaged foods)
03/14/2023 $5,000 Bryan Cave Missouri PAC (law firm)
02/24/2023 $5,000 900 N Tucker LLC (developer, Old Post-Dispatch Bldg, data center, Interco Plaza)
02/17/2023 $5,000 Schnuck Markets
02/14/2023 $5,000 Commerce Bancshares PAC
02/09/2023 $5,000 Jerome Schlichter (attorney)
02/07/2023 $25,000 Andrew Taylor (Enterprise Holdings)
02/08/2023 $10,000 Jerald Kent (Tierpoint, data center)
02/06/2023 $5,000 Lodging Hospitality Management (developer, hotelier)
02/02/2023 $5,000 Robert Hermann Jr (Busch Family, Hermann Companies)
02/01/2023 $5,000 Thompson Coburn (law firm)

Notice how much the source of funds changed after the merger.

January 2015 to December 2020
Civic Progress Action Committee Funders
12/21/2020 $12,000 SSM Health St. Louis
11/17/2020 $4,500 Caleres Inc
10/13/2020 $7,500 Nestle Purina PetCare
10/13/2020 $7,500 BJC Healthcare
09/30/2020 $4,500 Stifel Financial
09/26/2020 $7,500 Edward Jones
09/23/2020 $4,500 Maritz
08/27/2020 $7,500 Ameren Missouri
06/25/2020 $4,500 Coin Acceptors Inc
06/22/2020 $4,500 Schnucks Markets
06/10/2020 $4,500 Harbour Group Industries
06/05/2020 $13,000 RGA Reinsurance
05/29/2020 $4,500 Cequel III
05/18/2020 $4,500 Graybar Electric
05/11/2020 $4,500 Spire Missouri
03/31/2020 $13,000 Anheuser-Busch
02/11/2020 $13,000 Centene Management
02/10/2020 $4,500 Commerce Bancshares
02/06/2020 $13,000 Emerson Electric
01/31/2020 $4,500 Hunter Engineering
01/29/2020 $13,000 Enterprise Holdings Inc PAC
12/13/2019 $75,000 Civic Progress Inc
03/20/2019 $4,500 Caleres
02/26/2019 $4,500 Maritz
02/08/2019 $7,500 Mercy
01/25/2019 $13,000 Centene Management
01/25/2019 $13,000 Enterprise Holdings Inc PAC
01/16/2019 $4,500 Schnucks Markets
01/02/2019 $7,500 Ameren Missouri
12/14/2028 $4,500 Hunter Engineering
11/05/2018 $25,000 Civic Progress
11/02/2018 $4,500 Cequel III
10/23/2018 $4,500 Maritz
05/31/2018 $4,500 Graybar Electric
05/21/2018 $4,500 BJC HealthCare
05/16/2018 $4,500 Harbour Group Industries
05/07/2018 $13,000 Anheuser-Busch
05/03/2018 $4,500 Coin Acceptors
05/03/2018 Southwestern Bell Telephone dba AT&T
05/01/2018 $7,500 RGA Reinsurance
05/01/2018 $13,000 Express Scripts
03/29/2018 $4,500 Caleres Inc
02/08/2028 $7,500 Edward Jones
01/26/2018 $4,500 Mercy St. Louis
01/24/2018 $4,500 Harbour Group Industries
01/24/2018 $13,000 Enterprise Holdings Inc. PAC
01/24/2018 $7,500 Centene Management
01/09/2018 $13,000 Emerson Electric
01/17/2018 $4,500 Spire Missouri
01/05/2018 $4,500 Commerce Bancshares
09/13/2017 $4,500 Southwestern Bell Telephone dba AT&T
07/01/2017 $4,500 Commerce Bank
06/20/2017 $13,000 Monsanto
06/12/2017 $13,000 Anheuser-Busch
05/22/2017 $13,000 Enterprise Holdings Inc. PAC
05/17/2017 $7,500 RGA Reinsurance
05/02/2017 $4,500 Mercy
04/28/2017 $4,500 Maritz
04/11/2017 $4,500 Caleres Inc
04/06/2017 $4,500 Coin Acceptors Inc
03/30/2017 $4,500 Stifel Financial
02/02/2017 $7,500 World Wide Technology Holding Co
01/30/2017 $4,500 Schnuck Markets
01/25/2017 $7,500 Centene Management
01/25/2017 $7,500 Edward Jones
12/22/2016 $13,000 Emerson Electric
12/22/2016 $4,500 Hunter Engineering
12/20/2016 $4,500 BJC Healthcare
12/20/2016 $175,000 Civic Progress
12/19/2016 $4,500 The Laclede Group
11/07/2016 $2,000 Committee for Bond Initiatives
09/07/2016 $13,000 Anheuser-Busch
08/16/2016 $4,500 Harbour Group Industries
06/30/2016 $4,500 Graybar Electric
06/20/2016 $4,500 BJC Healthcare
06/20/2016 $4,500 Mercy
06/10/2016 $7,500 RGA Reinsurance
05/31/2016 $13,000 Express Scripts
05/31/2016 $4,500 Commerce Bancshares
05/31/2016 $4,500 Coin Acceptors
04/27/2016 $4,500 Cequel III
03/31/2016 $4,500 Stifel Financial
03/14/2016 $13,000 Enterprise Holdings PAC
02/29/2016 $4,500 The Laclede Group
02/09/2016 $4,500 Caleres
02/09/2016 $4,500 Schnuck Markets
02/02/2016 $7,500 Centenne Management
02/02/2016 $7,500 US Bank
02/02/2016 $13,000 Monsanto
01/26/2016 $4,500 Civic Progress
01/22/2016 $13,000 Emerson Electric
01/20/2916 $7,500 Ameren
01/12/2016 $4,500 Hunter Engineering
01/11/2016 $7,500 Edward Jones
12/22/2016 $13,000 Anheuser-Busch
05/28/2015 $4,500 Harbour Group Industries
05/28/2015 $4,500 Coin Acceptors
05/28/2015 $4,500 Maritz
05/15/2015 $4,500 Commerce Bancshares
05/15/2015 $4,500 Mercy
05/08/2015 $7,500 Nestle Purina PetCare
04/02/2015 $7,500 Energizer Holdings
03/12/2015 $7,500 Edward Jones
03/12/2015 $4,500 TKG Management
03/02/2015 $7,500 Peabody Investments
02/25/2015 $4,500 Schnuck Markets
02/25/2015 $4,500 Southwestern Bell Telephone dba AT&T Missouri
02/06/2015 $4,500 Brown Shoe
01/23/2015 $4,500 Graybar Electric
01/23/2015 $4,500 World Wide Technology Holding Co
01/23/2015 $7,500 Centene Management
01/19/2015 $4,500 UniGroup
01/15/2015 $7,500 US Bank
01/08/2015 $4,500 PF Services, Inc., 670 Mason Ridge Center
01/08/2015 $4,500 Hunter Engineering
01/08/2015 $13,000 Emerson Electric
01/08/2015 $7,500 Ameren

Civic Progress Action Committee paid for ballot issue campaigns affecting City of St. Louis- school bonds, Charter reform, Metropolitan Sewer District, sales tax for police, as well as statewide ballot issues. In 2012, as example, $68,600 was spent on Citizens for a Healthy Missouri’s ballot issue for a cigarette tax increase, defeated 51% to 49%. It will be interesting to see if Greater St. Louis continues that legacy.

January 2015 to December 2022
Civic Progress Action Committee & Civic Progress Inc
Contributions & Direct Expenditures to Ballot Issues
03/14/2022 $25,000 Local Jobs for STL
08/13/2021 $20,000 Invest in St. Louis Community College
03/19/2021 $25,000 Yes on Prop E – Earnings Tax STL
10/06/2017 $125,000 Citizens For A Safer St. Louis
03/29/2017 $10,000 Reduce & Reform STL
04/05/2017 $10,000 direct expenditure for Proposition S
02/24/2016 $100,000 Friends of St. Louis Public Schools
04/05/2016 $100,000 direct expenditure for Proposition 1
11/23/2015 $20,000 Campaign for Clean Water STL

In 2024, 21st Century St. Louis PAC endorsed MAGA candidate Mike Kehoe for Missouri Governor. In June 2025, the PAC donated $5,000 to the Missouri House Republican Campaign Committee. In May, 2025 Governor Kehoe and Missouri General Assembly took away local control of St. Louis City’s Police Department, overturned the will of Missouri voters who had approved local control.

*STL Regional Chamber PAC was part of the merger that created 21st Century St. Louis PAC. It was short lived on its own. Other than ordering checks, it spent no funds. The money transferred came from $7,500 in contributions in 2021 from Missouri American Water Employees PAC and Anheuser Busch, the only contributions the PAC had received.

Sinquefields Donate to Nexus PAC. Again

Updated 11/28/2025 with additional information from Missouri Ethics Commission: Contributions TO Progress PAC, St. Louis City Board President Megan Green; St. Louis City Comptroller Donna Baringer; and dozens to electeds outside of St. Louis City as well as other PACs; plus October contributions FROM developer McCormack Baron Salazar and airport concessionaire OHM KCI JA LLC. Also added a note about Nexus PAC Treasurer’s failure to recuse himeself from economic development board votes benefiting Nexus PAC donors.

Free market, anti tax, school privatization evangelists and high roller campaign contributors Rex and Jeannne Sinquefield made a $25,000 donation this week to Nexus PAC (not their first), the legal campaign money laundry for Nexus Group, a prominent lobbying shop in Missouri.

Some of Nexus Group’s current and past clients include various school privatization organizations (that’s probably what the Sinquefield money is for), Airbnb Inc, and developers.

But wait. There’s more.

The Treasurer for Nexus PAC is attorney Matthew McBride. McBride also sits on a number of economic development boards for the City of St. Louis. He chairs the St. Louis City Port Authority Commission and also serves on the City’s St. Louis Development Corporation Board, Enhanced Enterprise Zone Board, Land Clearance for Redevlopment Authority, Planned Industrial Expansion Authority.

Preservation Square redeveloper McCormack Baron Salazar is a donor to Nexus PAC but McBride failed to abstain or recuse himself on economic development board votes relating to Preservation Square.

These are powerful entities that authorize corporate welfare for developments. Sometimes these boards act on their own and sometimes what they adopt then goes on to the Board of Alders for approval. Sometimes these boards grant more incentives after Alders have acted, a breathtaking lack of transparency.

Clear to a lot of us who follow the corporate welfare sausage making machine in St. Louis, the treasurer of a PAC that legally launders money from developers, someone who writes campaign checks to City elected officials, should not be appointed to boards, let alone boards with elected officials as members, with millions of dollars in incentives for developers on the table.

But here we are. No one at City Hall seems to see a problem with all this conflict of interest.

The only thing that makes sense, sadly, in all this is Rex Sinquefield donating a lot of money to a PAC for lobbyists who not only represent school privatization interests but also developers who seek tax abatement, which is taking money away from public school kids who Sinquefield despises.

2023-October 2025 Nexus PAC Funders
10/07/2025 $10,000 McCormack Baron Salazar (developer)
09/29/2025 $10,000 OHM KCI JA LLC (airport concessions)
09/23/2025 $25,000 Rex and Jeannne Sinquefield
07/29/2025 $20,000 Nexus Group
05/21/2025 $5,000 McCormack Baron Salazar (developer)
03/28/2025 $10,000 Paric Holdings (developer)
02/24/2025 $2,500 OHM KCI JA LLC (airport concessions)
10/29/2024 $40,000 Paric Holdings (developer)
09/30/2024 $16,000 Rex and Jeannne Sinquefield
09/12/2024 $1,000 Invenergy Transmission
09/12/2024 $2,000 Invenergy Transmission
08/12/2024 $6,000 Invenergy Transmission
07/31/2024 $1,000 Invenergy Transmission
07/19/2024 $10,000 Nexus Group
02/07/2024 $2,000 Shelter Insurance, Columbia MO
02/01/2024 $4,000 Shelter Insurance, Columbia MO
01/25/2024 $4,000 Shelter Insurance, Columbia MO
12/18/2023 $6,000 Invenergy Transmission
12/11/2023 $10,000 Paric Holdings (developer)
12/05/2023 $2,000 Nexus Group
11/28/2023 $10,000 Nexus Group
11/13/2023 $15,000 Rex and Jeannne Sinquefield
09/26/2023 $10,000 Paric Holdings (developer)
06/16/2023 $10,000 Paric Holdings (developer)
05/05/2023 $10,000 Paric Holdings (developer)
03/20/2023 $2,000 McCormack Baron Salazar (developer)
02/09/2023 $2,000 Shelter Insurance, Columbia MO
01/27/2023 $4,000 Shelter Insurance, Columbia MO
01/25/2023 $4,000 Shelter Insurance, Columbia MO

2023-October 2025 Nexus PAC Contributions to St. Louis City Electeds
09/30/2025 $2,500 Progress PAC, St. Louis City Board President Megan Green
09/29/2025 $1,600 St. Louis City Comptroller Donna Baringer
06/26/2025 $1,000 St. Louis City Comptroller Donna Baringer
06/17/2025 $2,500 Progress PAC, St. Louis City Board President Megan Green
05/07/2025 $2,500 Progress PAC, St. Louis City Board President Megan Green
04/02/2025 $500 St. Louis City Alder Shane Cohn
03/31/2025 $5,000 A Brighter Future for St Louis PAC, St. Louis City Mayor Cara Spencer
02/28/2025 $2,500 314 Forward PAC, former St. Louis City Mayor Tishaura Jones
02/25/2025 $5,000 Progress PAC, St. Louis City Board President Megan Green
01/23/2025 $500 St. Louis City Treasurer Adam Layne
01/16/2025 $1000 St. Louis City Alder Anne Schweitzer
10/29/2024 $5,000 Progress PAC, St. Louis City Board President Megan Green
10/29/2024 $2,000 St. Louis City Board Prez Megan Green
10/29/2024 $1,000 St. Louis City Alder Shane Cohn
10/29/2024 $1,000 St. Louis City Alder Daniela Velazquez
10/07/2024 $500 St. Louis City State Rep Marty Joe Murray
10/07/2024 $2,400 accused rapist and St. Louis City State Senator Steven Roberts Jr
12/27/2023 $1000 St. Louis City Alder Daniela Velazquez
12/04/2023 $5,000 STL Democratic Coalition, appears to be connected to accused rapist and St. Louis City State Senator Steven Roberts Jr, former State Rep Wiley Price, former Sheriff Vernon Betts; $60,893.08 on hand
04/07/2023 $500 St. Louis City Alder Pam Boyd
03/24/2023 $500 St. Louis City Alder Laura Keys
03/05/2023 $500 St. Louis City Alder Rasheen Aldridge
02/23/2023 $500 St. Louis City Alder Shameem Clark-Hubbard

2023-October 2025 Nexus PAC Contributions to candidates and PACs elsewhere in Missouri and other states
09/30/2025 $2,000 St. Louis County State Senator Tracy McCreery
09/30/2025 $2,000 St. Louis County State Senator Brian Williams
09/30/2025 $500 St. Louis County State Rep Raychel Proudie
09/29/2025 $1,000 Atlanta GA Mayor Andre Dickens
09/04/2025 $2,000 MAGA Warren County State Rep Jeff Myers
08/27/2025 $2,400 Conservative Solutions for Missouri PAC, MAGA Jefferson County State Senator Mary Elizabeth Coleman (now owns a $1.9M home in Central West End, St. Louis City)
08/27/2025 $2,400 Boone County State Senator Steve Webber
08/27/2025 $2,400 MAGA Scott County State Senator Jamie Burger
08/27/2025 $2,400 MAGA Cole County State Senator Jake Vogel
08/27/2025 $2,400 MAGA St. Francois County State Senator Mike Henderson
08/27/2025 $2,400 MAGA 1776 PAC
08/27/2025 $2,400 MAGA Pettis County State Rep Brad Pollitt, now candidate for State Senate
08/27/2025 $1,000 Boone County Commissioner Kip Kendrick, former State Rep
08/27/2025 $1,000 MAGA Lake of the Ozarks State Rep Jeff Vernetti ( also a developer)
08/27/2025 $1,000 MAGA Mid-Missouri Conservative PAC
08/27/2025 $1,000 MAGA Dunklin County State Rep Cameron Bunting Parker
08/27/2025 $1,000 MAGA St. Charles County State Rep Travis Wilson
08/27/2025 $1,000 MAGA Butler County State Rep Hardy Billington
08/27/2025 $500 MAGA St. Charles County State Rep Dave Hinman
08/27/2025 $500 MAGA St. Charles County State Rep Terri Violet
08/27/2025 $500 MAGA Cass County State Rep Bill Irwin
08/27/2025 $500 MAGA Clay County State Rep Mark Meirath
08/27/2025 $500 MAGA Jefferson County State Rep Cecelie Williams
08/27/2025 $500 MAGA St. Charles County State Rep Scott Miller
03/31/2025 $1,250 Kansas City Councilwoman Ryana Parks-Shaw, candidate for KC Mayor
01/09/2025 $2,400 MAGA Jefferson County State Senator Mary Elizabeth Coleman
11/22/2024 $500 MAGA Lake of the Ozarks State Rep. Jeff Vernetti (also a developer)
10/29/2024 $2,825 MAGA Governor Mike Kehoe
10/18/2024 $2,000 MAGA St. Louis County State Rep Brad Christ
10/07/2024 $2,500 Homefront PAC, Boone County State Senator Steve Webber
10/07/2024 $2,400 MAGA Linvingston County State Senator Rusty Black
10/07/2024 $2,000 Great Northwest PAC (MAGA Livingston County State Senator Rusty Black)
10/07/2024 $2,400 St. Louis County State Senator Doug Beck
10/07/2024 $2,000 DougPAC, St. Louis County State Senator Doug Beck
09/26/2024 $500 Jesus Oset, failed MAGA candidate for Boone County Circuit Judge
09/18/2025 $250 St. Louis County State Rep Mark Boyco
09/18/2025 $500 St. Louis City State Rep Nick Kimble
09/11/2024 $2,000 Kansas City State Rep Ashley Aune
09/03/2024 $2,400 MAGA Stone County MAGA State Senator Brad Hudson
09/03/2024 $2,400 MAGA St. Charles County State Senator Adam Schnelting
08/12/2024 $500 152 Freedom PAC (could not find this in MEC database, address is a UPS store in Poplar Bluff, probably related to MAGA State Rep Hardy Billington)
08/09/2024 $1,000 MAGA Jasper County State Rep Lane Roberts
08/09/2024 $1,000 MAGA Hannibal State Rep Louis Riggs
08/09/2024 $1,000 MAGA Jefferson County State Rep Renee Reuter
08/09/2024 $1,000 MAGA Kansas City State Rep Sean Pouche
08/09/2024 $1,000 MAGA Lincoln County State Rep Doyle Justus
08/09/2024 $1,000 MAGA Clay & Platte Counties State Rep Josh Hurlbert
08/09/2024 $1,000 MAGA Jasper & Newton Counties State Rep Bob Bromley
07/23/2024 $2,400 MAGA Ozark County former State Rep Travis Smith
07/19/2024 $825 MAGA Jasper County former State Rep Cody Smith
07/19/2024 $1,500 America Forward
07/10/2024 $1,000 MAGA Reynolds County former State Rep Chris Dodson Dinkins
07/10/2024 $1,000 MAGA Scott County State Senator Jamie Burger
07/10/2024 $1,000 MAGA Newton & McDonald Counties State Rep Dirk Deaton
07/10/2024 $2,400 Jackson County Leadership PAC, MAGA State Senator Mike Cierpiot
07/10/2024 $2,400 MAGA St. Francoise County State Senator Mike Henderson
07/10/2024 $2,400 Kansas City State Senator Patty Lewis
07/10/2024 $500 MAGA St. Charles County State Rep Travis Wilson
07/10/2024 $500 MAGA Jefferson County State Rep David Casteel
07/10/2024 $500 MAGA Warren County State Rep Jeff Meyers
07/10/2024 $500 Kansas City State Rep Wick Thomas
07/08/2024 $1,000 North County Solidarity PAC (Walton Family- Elbert, Rochelle)
12/23/2023 $2,500 MAGA former Attorney General Andrew Bailey
12/04/2023 $5,000 DougPAC, St. Louis County State Senator Doug Beck
12/04/2023 $5,000 B PAC, St. Louis County State Senator Brian Williams
11/16/2023 $500 MAGA Greene, Christian and Webster Counties State Rep Darin Chappell
11/16/2023 $1,000 Kansas City Councilwoman Ryana Parks-Shaw, candidate for KC Mayor
11/16/2023 $1,000 St. Louis County State Senator Tracy McCreery
11/16/2023 $1000 MAGA Warren County State Rep Jeff Meyers
11/16/2023 $1000 MAGA St. Louis County former State Rep John Diehl
11/16/2023 $2,400 Clay County State Senator Maggie Nurrenbern
11/16/2023 $2,000 Eastside Forward PAC, Kansas City State Senator Barbara Anne Washington
11/16/2023 $2,000 MAGA St. Charles County State Senator Nick Schroer
11/16/2023 $2,000 MAGA Clay and Ray Counties former State Rep Doug Richey
11/16/2023 $2,000 MAGA Saline County State Senator Kurtis Gregory
11/16/2023 $2,500 Missouri United, former St. Louis County MAGA State Rep Dean Plocher
11/16/2023 $2,500 Lincoln PAC, MAGA Springfield State Senator Lincoln Hough
11/16/2023 $2,825 MAGA Buchanan and Platte Counties State Senator Tony Luetkemeyer
10/09/2023 $500 MAGA St. Charles State Rep Travis Wilson
10/06/2023 $1,000 Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee’s campaign for Mayor of Houston
09/28/2023 $2,500 Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee’s campaign for Mayor of Houston
09/14/2023 $2,500 MAGA Springfield State Senator Lincoln Hough
09/06/2023 $1,000 MAGA former Independence State Rep Robert Sauls
09/06/2023 $1000 MAGA Hannibal State Rep Louis Riggs
09/06/2023 $1000 MAGA Kansas City State Rep Sean Pouche
09/06/2023 $1,000 MAGA Clay & Platte Counties State Rep Josh Hurlbert
08/29/2023 $1,000 North County Solidarity PAC (Walton Family- Elbert, Rochelle)
08/29/2023 $1,000 Six County PAC, MAGA pac based in St. Francois County, helped elect Elaine Gannon to Missouri Senate
08/02/2023 $1,000 MAGA Springfield State Rep Alex Riley
08/02/2023 $500 MAGA Dunklin County State Rep Cameron Bunting Parker
08/02/2023 $500 MAGA Lee’s Summit State Rep Jon Patterson
06/25/2023 $1,000 Kansas City Councilwoman Melissa Patterson Hazley
05/16/2023 $1,000 Kansas City State Senator Barbara Washington
05/08/2023 $2,500 MAGA former Attorney General Andrew Bailey
05/04/2023 $2,500 Chicago Mayor Brandon Johnson
03/24/2023 $500 former Bellefontaine Neighbors Mayor Tommie Pierson Sr
01/26/2023 $2,400 Columbia State Senator Steve Webber
12/27/2022 $2,500 Page PAC, St. Louis County Executive Sam Page

Returned or Not Delivered Nexus PAC Donations
10/29/2024 $2,825 MAGA former Attorney General Andrew Bailey (reported 07/14/2025)
10/07/2024 $1,900 Boone County State Senator Steve Webber (reported 10/10/2025)
07/08/2024 $1,500 St. Louis City Alder Shameem Clark-Hubbard (reported 07/14/2025)
09/26/2024 $500 Columbia State Rep Steve Webber (reported 12/02/2024)
01/08/2024 $2,175 MAGA former Attorney General Andrew Bailey (reported 04/05/2024)
12/21/2023 $2,825 MAGA Jasper County former State Rep Cody Smith (reported 07/26/2024)
11/16/2023 $2,000 MAGA Livingston County State Senator Rusty Black (reported 07/26/2024)
11/16/2023 $2,000 MAGA Callaway County State Senator Travis Fitzwater (reported 07/26/2024)
10/12/2023 $5,000 United We Stand PAC, connected to Kansas City Mayor Quinton Lucas (reported 01/16/2024)
10/31/2023 $2,400 MAGA State Rep, unsuccessful Secretary of State candidate Dean Plocher (reported 01/16/2024)
09/28/2023 $1,000 St. Louis County Executive Sam Page (reported 07/26/2024)
09/28/2023 $500 St. Louis City Alder Daniela Velazquez (reported 01/16/2024)
09/12/2023 $1000 Tri-County PAC, not listed in MEC database, might be Professional Firefighters of Tri-County PAC, (reported 01/16/2024)
02/21/2023 $500 St. Louis City Alder Pam Boyd (reported 04/17/2023)
03/09/2022 $1000 ATL for All (reported 02/27/2023)
06/16/2022 $500 MAGA former Caldwell County State Rep Randy Railsback (reported 02/27/2023)
11/28/2022 $1,000 MAGA St. Charles County State Senator Nick Schroer

St. Louis City Alder Candidate Filing Ends Jan 3rd

Updated Thursday, 01/02/2025, with additional candidate filed in 11th Ward, the incumbent Alder.

Updated Monday, 12/30/2024, with additional candidate filed in 7th Ward.

Seven Alder seats in St. Louis City, the odd numbered wards, are up for election this Spring. Even numbered wards will be elected in 2027.

Filing began November 25th and ends January 3rd. Filing for Alder is done at St. Louis City Board of Election Commissioners in Downtown.

The Primary Election is March 3rd and the General Election is April 8th. This will be the second election that Alders are elected by nonpartisan ballot with the top two Primary winners going on to General Election. In 2023, all 14 Alders were elected to two year or four year terms. This is the election for four year terms in 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th Wards.

Alder Salary is $72,000. That may seem like a full time job salary but in St. Louis City you can be elected an Alder and still own businesses, be a bank Vice President like 2nd Ward Alder Tom Oldenburg, be a landlord for apartments or Airbnbs.

Qualifications to run for Alder
√ Age: at least 25 years
√ City Resident: at least 3 years
√ Resident of Ward: at least 1 year
√ City Taxpayer: at least 2 years
√ U.S. Citizen: at least 5 years
√ Shall not have been convicted of malfeasance in office, bribery or other corrupt practice or crime

Requirements to file for Alder
√ Filing Fee: 1% of Salary (current salary is $72,000)
√ Nominating Petition
√ Tax Clearance: by Collector of Revenue for personal property, real estate, earnings taxes + water-trash bills
√ Compliance with all Campaign Finance Laws

Candidates Filed as of January 2nd

First Ward

Filed: Anne Schweitzer
Incumbent Voting Records- Board Bills
Campaign Website
Occupation: Alder; campaign consultant at Public Eye; 2018 consultant for election of State Rep. Steve Butz; owner of now dissolved nonprofit Rumble Cats Rescue
Residence: Boulevard Heights
Residence Tax Abated: No
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report: $26,017.63 on hand, no debts. Donors of Note: $750 Richard Callow, Public Eye owner; $500 City Collector of Revenue Gregg Daly; $500 State Rep. Steve Butz; $500 Fred Wessels, former State Rep and former Alder; $250 Matt Villa, Villa Lighting COO and former Alder; $100 Firefighters Local #73; $100 Sarah Martin, lobbyist and former Alder; $50 Jimmy Lappe, Mo AFL CIO program director and former Alder

Filed: Anthony M. “Tony” Kirchner
Campaign Website
Occupation: former Deputy Sheriff; former U.S. Navy
Residence: Bevo
Residence Tax Abated: No
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report: Limited Activity. Committee filed 09/13/2024.

Notes
1st Ward 2023 Primary Election: Anne Schweitzer 1,173; Tony Kirchner 1,088; Matt Kotraba 409
1st Ward 2023 General Election: Anne Schweitzer 1,614; Tony Kirchner 1,472
In that election, Kirchner was endorsed by former Sheriffs Vernon Betts and Jim Murphy, former Alder Jack Coatar, St. Louis Police Officers Association
13th Ward 2021 Primary Election: Anne Schweitzer 1318; Beth Murphy 744
13th Ward 2021 General Election: Anne Schweitzer 1497; Beth Murphy 885

Third Ward

Filed: Shane Cohn
Incumbent Voting Records- Board Bills
Campaign website (have not found one)
Occupation: Alder; owner of 4664 Tennessee LLC, investment and redevelopment of real estate
Residence: Dutchtown
Residence Tax Abated: No
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report: $14,505.14 on hand, no debt. Donors of Note: $2,600 South Side Property LLC; $500 IBEW; $500 Jon Chen, Urban Eats owner; $500 Associated General Contractors of Mo PAC; $250 Matthew McBride, corporate welfare attorney, serves on many economic development boards; $150 Sean Spencer, Tower Grove CDC executive director; $102 Richard Callow, Public Eye owner; $100 Scott Intagliata, Charter Commission secretary and Unico + other businesses owner. Same report was filed by mistake for 25th Ward Regular Democratic Club.
Candidate MEC PAC: STL Neighbors United for Progress PAC
October 2024 Report: Committee created 11/05/2024, no reports yet

Filed: Inez M. Bordeaux
Campaign website
Occupation: former Deputy Director of Community Collaborations, ArchCity Defenders; owner of Highfalutin LLC
Residence: Mount Pleasant
Residence Tax Abated: No
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report. Committee created 11/19/2024, no reports yet

Filed: Dallas Nicole Adams
Campaign website
Occupation: former Communications Manager for Metropolitan Parks & Recreation District (tax district dba Great Rivers Greenway, had a seat via job on Seed St. Louis Board, which moved to Delmar Divine)
Residence: Dutchtown
Residence Tax Abated: No
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report. Committee created 12/02/2024, no reports yet

Notes
3rd Ward 2023 Primary Election: Shane Cohn 410, no opponent
3rd Ward 2023 General Election: Shane Cohn 827, no opponent
25th Ward 2017 Primary Election: Shane Cohn 858, no opponent
25th Ward 2017 General Election: Shane Cohn 981, no opponent

5th Ward

Incumbent NOT Running: Joseph “Joe” Vollmer, has endorsed Matthew Devoti
Incumbent Voting Records- Board Bills
Campaign website
Occupation: owner of Milo’s Bocce Garden; co-owner TLJ Investments (funeral home); owner of TLSJ (commercial real estate); landlord
Residence: The Hill
Residence Tax Abated: No
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report. $3,105 on hand; no debt. No contributions received for period.

Filed: Matthew Devoti
Campaign website
Occupation: personal injury attorney; serves on 22nd Circuit Judicial Commission
Residence: The Hill
Residence Tax Abated: Yes
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report. $4,996.66; no debt. Donors of Note: $2,600 Jim Heine, retiree in Boerne TX; $1,000 Bonnie Devoti, candidate’s mother

Notes
5th Ward 2023 Primary Election: Joe Vollmer 1,533; Helen Petty 990
5th Ward 2023 General Election: Joe Vollmer 2,177; Helen Petty 1,580
10th Ward 2019 Primary Election: Joe Vollmer 968; Pat Hickey 623
10th Ward 2019 General Election: Joe Vollmer 700

7th Ward

Filed: Alisha Sonnier
Incumbent Voting Records- Board Bills
Campaign Website
Residence: Tower Grove East
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: former mental health advocate at Cigna; campaign staffer, 2022 paid total of $1,975 as “Political Director” by Board President Megan Green’s candidate committee; also paid $1,000 on 04/04/2023 (general election day, the day Sonnier was elected Alder) for “Win bonus” by Board President Megan Green’s candidate committee
Other Politics: 2021-23 St. Louis City School Board, appointed by Mayor Tishaura Jones
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report. $2,601.44 on hand; no debt. Donors of Note: $500 Kelvin Adams, president of St. Louis Community Foundation and former Superintendent of St. Louis Public Schools; $250 Shilpa Patel, Hotel Avyan/real estate; $200 total Scott Intagliata, Charter Commission secretary and Unico + other businesses owner; $100 Richard Callow, Public Eye owner

Filed: Cedric L. Redmon Jr
Campaign Website
Residence: Benton Park West; his Linkedin account says he is in Florissant
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: musician; 2020-2021 spy plane advocate, may have lobbied for pay without registering as lobbyist
Others Politics: 2023 candidate for Alder; 2019 candidate for 6th Ward Alder, one of two candidates
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report: No committee created yet

Notes
7th Ward 2023 Primary Election: Alisha Sonnier 1,108; J.P. Mitchom 731; Cedric Redmon 643
7th Ward 2023 General Election: Alisha Sonnier 1,470 ; J.P. Mitchom 933
6th Ward 2019 Primary Election: Christine Ingrassia 930; Cedric Redmon 412; Debra Carnahan 590; Henry Gray 179
6th Ward 2019 General Election: Christine Ingrassia 969; Michael Hebron 199

9th Ward

Filed: Michael Browning
Incumbent Voting Records- Board Bills
Campaign Website
Residence: Forest Park Southeast
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: former senior grant specialist at Washington University School of Medicine (but still identified as employed by Washington University on some but not all donations he made in 2024); former vice president of Forest Park Southwest Neighborhood Association
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report. $2,601.44 on hand, no debt. Donors of Note: $500 Associated General Contractors of Mo PAC; $250 Sean Spencer, Tower Grove CDC executive director; $200 Tom Brackman, retired attorney, serves on Waterman Lake tax district; $180 Karen Presley Karabell, SF Shannon partner (vacation & long-term rentals); $100 Katharyn Davis, real estate attorney; $100 Richard Callow, Public Eye owner

Notes
9th Ward 2023 Primary Election: Michael Browning 1,007; former 17th Ward Alder Tina Pihl 876; former 28th Ward Alder Michael Gras 868 (election following redistricting with ward consolidation, from 28 wards to 14)
9th Ward 2023 General Election: Michael Browning 1,773; former 17th Ward Alder Tina Pihl 1,027

11th Ward

Filed: Laura Keys
Incumbent Voting Records- Board Bills
Campaign Website
Residence: O’Fallon
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: Alder; landlord; owner Able Hands In-Home Health Services of Missouri LLC; owner Missouri DNA & Drug Testing Centers, LLC; owner Secure Identity Fingerprinting LLC; owner St. Louis Fingerprints LLC; owner Residential Maid Service LLC
Candidate MEC Committee:
December 2024 Report: $1,381.97 on hand, no debt. $621.13 total in reimbursements to James Keyes, husband
October 2024 Report: $3,729.50 on hand, no debt. Donor of Note: $2,000 from Ring the Bell PAC (PAC not filed with MEC) @ Crown Mart, 4501 Union

Filed: Melinda L. Long
Campaign Website (have not found one)
Residence: O’Fallon
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: former Alder 2001-2002; insurance agent; owner United Health, Accident & Life (UHAL) LLC Ins. Agency; The O’Fallon Block Link LLC; administratively dissolved Fellowship Foundation Organization
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report: No committee created yet

Filed: Rebecca I. McLoud
Campaign Website (have not found one)
Residence: O’Fallon
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: insurance agent; former Board Secretary, O’Fallon Community Developing Organization
Candidate MEC Committee
October 2024 Report: No committee created yet

Notes
11th Ward 2023 Primary Election: Laura Keys 568; Carla Wright 312
11th Ward 2023 General Election: Laura Keys 782; Carla Wright 335
21st Ward 2017 Primary Election: John Collins-Muhammad 812; Laura Keys 783; Marlene Buckley 227
21st Ward 2017 General Election: John Collins-Muhammad 1406; Marty Spikener 107

13th Ward

Filed: Pamela Boyd
Incumbent Voting Records- Board Bills
Campaign Website
Residence: Walnut Park West
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: Alder; was or is certified dietary manager at The Valley Stonebridge Community skilled nursing facility
Candidate MEC Committee:
October 2024 Report. $5,625.73 on hand; no debt. No itemized donors this period.

Notes
13th Ward 2023 Primary Election: Pamela Boyd 751; Norma Walker 506; former Alder Lisa Middlebrook 390
13th Ward 2023 General Election: Pamela Boyd 984; Norma Walker 839
27th Ward 2017 Primary Election: Pam Boyd, 800; Keena Carter 635; Ciera Simril 228
27th Ward 2017 General Election: Pam Boyd 1280; Antree Spikener 117

Post-Election New 1st Ward Profile Update

1st Ward Alder Anne Schweitzer, City of St. Louis

This blog’s Profile page for St. Louis City’s New 1st Ward has been updated with General Election results (all candidates and ballot issues) and late, amended, and post-election campaign finance reports filed with Missouri Ethics Commission.

You’ll notice that the winning Alder candidate is now listed under Public Officials Residing In New 1st Ward and defeated candidate information has been moved toward bottom of the page. Eventually, the General and Primary Election info will move above those.

Also have added link to Neighborhoods in the new ward.

Winner of the April 4th Alder election in New 1st Ward is Anne Schweitzer, former 13th Ward Alder. Alder Schweitzer came in first during the three candidate Primary and earned 1,614 votes (52.02%) in the General Election.

Schweitzer filed three reports and one amended report in April. She raised $5,915 including $3,450 from Labor Unions and $500 from Pro Choice Missouri. She spent $12,437, most of it to Bouchard Gold Communications, Austin, Texas. She has $14,101.61 on hand and no debt.

Schweitzer’s General Election opponent, Deputy Sheriff Tony Kirchner, received 1,472 votes (47.4%). He filed an April Quarterly Report showing $5,200 raised, including $2,600 from Schnuck Markets’ Todd Schnuck and $2,600 from Lawyers of TIF Husch Blackwell. He spent $12,152.86 including $3,000 to G3 Strategies, run by Greg Christian, Public Information Officer at the City Sheriff’s Department and former 15th Ward Democratic Committeeman. He has $10,912.53 on hand and $2,000 debt. Look for him to file for office again.

Matthew E. Kotraba, the third candidate for 1st Ward Alder, the candidate who did not make it to the General Election, terminated his campaign committee and returned $835.94 to donors.

City Collector of Revenue Gregory F.X. Daly, a resident of New 1st Ward and Boulevard Heights Neighborhood, is sitting on a war chest of $446,845.03. His April Report shows his campaign account earned $718.38 for the quarter. Daly spent $6,605.63 , $3,065.26 on food and beverages, often identified on the report as “entertainment,” including $1,096.83 at Bartolino’s South, $879.43 at four restaurants in Florida, $294.56 at Sam’s Club, and his committee made a $250 donation to the Prop C Charter Commission campaign.

81st District State Rep. Steve Butz, a resident of the Holly Hills Neighborhood of New 1st Ward, filed a, April Report showing no new contributions and $66,332.22 on hand, $32,500 debt. There was a rumor on Spoutible that Butz wanted to run against Mayor Tishaura Jones.

New 1st Ward still has no Democratic or Republican ward organizations (political action committee) filed with Missouri Ethics Commission.

Old 12th Ward Regular Democratic Organization filed a Limited Activity Report for April. This is Collector Daly’s ward PAC. In January, it had $833.47 on hand.

Old 13th Ward Regular Democratic Club, this is Old 13th Ward Democratic Committeeman Fred Wessels ward PAC, reported a $100 contribution from AFT Local 420 and $4,109.37 on hand.

The only Democratic committeeperson residing in New 1st Ward with a campaign committee filed with MEC, besides Collector Daly (12th Ward Committeeman), is Old 13th Ward Committeeman Fred Wessels, Holly Hills Neighborhood. Wessels is a former State Rep, former 13th Ward Alder, and former candidate for City Treasurer (the year Tishaura Jones, now Mayor, ran and won the Treasurer’s race). He reported no money raised or spent but has $1,477.45 on hand and no debt.

Former 13th Ward Alder Bill Stephens did not file an April Report. His campaign committee account at MEC says that he is running for State Rep 81st District in 2024 Democratic Primary.

Philomena Arnowitz, widow of the late Larry Arnowitz, former 13th Ward Alder, filed a lot of campaign reports- all Limited Activity- to get the account into compliance. The last report that wasn’t Limited Activity was July 2020 with $0 raised, $0 spent, $21,745.06 on hand, $0 debt.

Aldergeddon: New 1st Ward

Map of New 1st Ward, St. Louis City (2023)

Last Updated: 04/27/2023

New St. Louis City 1st Ward includes all or parts of Bevo, Carondelet, Boulevard Heights, Holly Hills, Patch Neighborhoods, parts of old 11th, 12th, 13th Wards, other Wards, and is the result of Census Redistricting and Ward Reduction.

All 14 New Ward Profiles here.

2023 General Election Results

18+ Population: 17,986
Registered Voters: 13,793 (76.68% Registered)
Total Ballots Cast: 3,121 (22.63% Turnout)
Board President
Megan Green: 1,954 (84.9%)
Alder
Anne Schweitzer: 1,614 (52.02%)
Tony Kirchner: 1,472 (47.4%)
Prop C (Charter Commission): Yes 1,543 (52.70%), No 1,385 (47.30%). Passed Citywide.
Prop No Letter/Number (Recreational Cannabis Tax): Yes 1,950 (63.13%), No 1,139 (36.8%). Passed Citywide.
School Board (citywide at-large election, top two elected- Sadie Weiss and Tracy Hykes)
Sadie Weiss: 1,625 (40.21%)
Tracy Hykes: 1,331 (32.94%)
J.L. Quinones: 980 (24.25%)
St. Louis Community College Board of Trustees (numerous wards participating- Nicole Robinson won)
Nicole Robinson: 299 (49.75%)
Pam Ross: 289 (48.09%)
Citywide and Subdistrict Election Results

2023 Primary Results

18+ Population: 17,986
Registered Voters: 13,774 (76.58% Registered)
Total Ballots Cast: 2,188 (15.89% Turnout)
Total Votes Cast, Approval Voting: 2,670 – In St. Louis City Municipal Primary Elections, voters may vote for as many candidates as they want with top two advancing to General Election.
Board President
Megan Green: 1,307
Alder (top two advance to General Election)
Matt Kotraba: 409
Tony Kirchner: 1,088
Anne Schweitzer: 1,173

Public Officials Residing in New 1st Ward

New 1st Ward Alder Anne Schweitzer
Neighborhood: Boulevard Heights
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: campaign consultant at Public Eye
Other Elected Office: former 13th Ward Alder
Other Politics: treasurer for Reinvest StL 2016 Prop E & F and Reinvest StL 2015 Prop 1
Genealogy: daughter of Jane Schweitzer, former/last elected City Circuit Clerk; daughter of Gordon Schweitzer, former municipal judge; granddaughter of Gordon Schweitzer, former Sheriff
2023 Alder Primary: 1st of 3 candidates, 1,173 Votes of 2,670
2023 Alder General Election: 1,614 (52.02%)
Campaign Finance
April 2023 Report #2: $1,860 raised ($500 Board President Megan Green’s Progress PAC, $500 Associated General Contractors Mo, $500 Iron Workers, $250 Glaziers, $50 former Fire Chief Sherman George); $630.02 spent; $14,101.61 on hand; $0 debt
April 2023 Report #2: Limited Activity
April 2023 Report #1: $1,330 raised ($500 Plumbers & Pipefitters 562); $12,857.80 spent ($11,807.76 Bouchard Gold Communications, Austin); $12,871.63 on hand; $0 debt
March 2023 Report #1 Amended: Added 7 contributions ($1,000 SEIU Healthcare, $500 Pro Choice Mo, $500 Sheetmetal Workers, $300 IBEW, $200 Operating Engineers, $200 Bricklayers. New Totals- $17,760 raised; $13,255.11 spent; $24,399.43 on hand; $0 debt
March 2023 Report #1: $15,035 raised ($6,150 from Labor, $500 former 13th Ward Alder Fred Wessels, $500 Realtors Association, $200 former 11th Ward Alder Matt Villa, $100 former Police Chief Sam Dotson, $100 City Assessor Michael Dauphin, $50 former City Health Director Pam Walker); $13,255.11 spent (Bouchard Gold Communications, Austin); $21,674.43 on hand; $0 debt
February 2023 Report: $6,705 raised ($1,500 SEIU MO/KS, $1,500 SEIU Healthcare, $1000 LIUNA, $450 Sierra Club PAC), $23,689.55 spent ($22,474.56 Bouchard Gold Communications, Austin), $19,894.54 on hand, $0 debt
January 2023 Report #2: $2,284 raised ($500 Building Trades PAC, $500 IAFF Local 73, $75 City Treasurer Adam Layne), $777.97 spent, $38,385.12 on hand, $0 debt
January 2023 Report #1: $3,760 raised ($1,000 from dad- Gordon Schweitzer), $2,848.80 spent, $36,879.09 on hand, $0 debt
October 2022 Report: $2,624.46 raised, $84.43 spent, $35,967.89 on hand, $0 debt
Treasurer: Jane Schweitzer (Alder’s mother, former/last elected City Circuit Court Clerk)

City Collector of Revenue Gregory F.X. Daly (county office)
Neighborhood: Boulevard Heights
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: Collector of Revenue
Other Elected Office: former License Collector; briefly candidate for Mayor
Party Office: 12th Ward Democratic Committeeman**
Other Political: treasurer of 12th Ward Regular Democratic Organization; treasurer of 2021 Yes on Prop E Earnings Tax STL
Genealogy: sister of Geraldine Kraemer, St. Louis City Election Board Commissioner
Campaign Finance
April 2023 Report: $718.38 raised (interest earned); $6,605.63 spent ($3,065.26 on food including $1,096.83 Bartolino’s South and $879.43 at four restaurants in Florida, $294.56 Sam’s Club, $250 Prop C Charter Commission campaign); $446,845.03 on hand; $2,153.88 debt
January 2023 Report: $247.18 raised, $5,566.34 spent, $452,732.28 on hand, $879.06 debt
December 2022 Report: $985.98 raised, $6,257.81 spent, $458,051.44 on hand, $1,112.99 debt
November 2022 Report Amended: $4,200 raised, $4,661.76 spent, $463,323.27 on hand, $4,913.98
October Report Amended: $5,609.75 raised, $2,739.11 spent, $463,785.03 on hand, $1,435.15 debt.
Treasurer: Dana Gamache (works at Collector of Revenue)
Deputy Treasurer: Kathy Gamache (12th Ward Committeewoman, works at Collector of Revenue)

State Rep. Steve Butz
Neighborhood: Holly Hills
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: owner of Crawford-Butz Insurance Agency, managing partner for Eagle Hurst Ranch in Steelville
Other Elected Office: former candidate for State Rep. 2016 (Ben Borgmeyer was listed on MEC filing as a member of the campaign committee. He’s now Democratic Director of Elections at St. Louis City Election Board)
Campaign Finance
April 2023 Report: $0 raised; $210 spent; $66,332.22 on hand; $32,500 debt
January 2023 Report: $1,000 raised; $0 spent; $66,542.22 on hand; $32,500 debt
November 2022 Report: $500 raised; $2,783.66 spent; $65,542.22 on hand; $32,500 debt
October 2022 Report #2: $5000 raised; $11,896.67 spent; $67,825.88 on hand; $32,500 debt
October 2022 Report #1: $11,400 raised; $1,260 spent; $74,722.55 on hand; $32,500 debt
Treasurer: Ted Hartzler

St. Louis City Assessor*** Michael Dauphin
Neighborhood: Holly Hills
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: attorney, Assessor
Party Office: former 13th Ward Democratic Committeeman

Ward Committee (PACs)

New 1st Ward Democratic organization: None

New 1st Ward Republican organization: None

Old 12th Ward Regular Democratic Organization
Campaign Finance
April 2023 Report: Limited Activity
February 2023 Report: $650 ($250 AFT 420, $400 Dem Central Committee, both 2022 checks); $1,040.40 spent (printing in January); $833.47 on hand; $0 debt
January 2023 Report: Limited Activity
December 2022 Report: Limited Activity
October 2022 Report #2: Limited Activity
October 2022 Report #1: Limited Activity.
July 2022 Report: $38.79 raised, $1,205.10 spent, $1,455.74 on hand, $0 debt.
Treasurer: Gregory F.X. Daly (12th Ward Committeeman, Collector of Revenue)

Old SOS filings: 12th Ward Democratic Political Party Committee (nonprofit)
Officers: 12th Ward Committeeman & Collector of Revenue Gregory F.X. Daly is President, Secretary, and all three Board members. He also owns 12th Ward Democratic Political Party Committee as a fictious name registration.

Old 12th Ward Trivia: former Circuit Clerk Mariano Favazza (also former State Rep candidate , former Alder candidate) registered 12th Ward Pro Life Democrats as a d.b.a. in 2004. It expired in 2009. Circuit Clerk is now appointed by Circuit Court Judges via legislation from Missouri General Assembly.

Old 12th Ward Republican organization: None

Old 13th Ward Regular Democratic Club
Campaign Finance
April 2023 Report: $100 raised ($100 AFT 420); $0 spent; $4,109.37 on hand; $0 debt
January 2023 Report: $30 raised; $560.89; $4,009.37 on hand; $0 debt
October 2022 Report: Limited Activity
July 2022 Report: $0 raised; $0 spent; $4,540.26 on hand; $0 debt
Treasurer: Paul Sager (realtor, former president of Holly Hills Improvement Association)

Old 13th Ward Republican organization: None

Political Party Committeepeople

Old 12th Ward Democratic Committeewoman Krissy Sullivan
Neighborhood:
Residence Tax Abated:
Occupation: physical therapist
Genealogy: daughter of John Temporiti, former chair of Missouri Democratic Party; former chief of staff to Mayor Vince Schoemehl; wife of Brian Sullivan, deputy Democratic director at St. Louis City Election Board
*No party committeewoman account filed at MEC

Old 12th Ward Democratic Committeeman Gregory F.X. Daly
Collector of Revenue (see above)

Old 12th Ward Republican Committeewoman Mary Therese McLean
Neighborhood: Princeton Heights
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: owner of Morning to Midnight Media; owner of Totally Renewed (using Farmington Mo address)
Other Elected Office: former candidate for State Senate 2022
Other Party Office: chair of St. Louis City Republican Party
Other Political: treasurer for 2nd Ward Alder candidate Phill Menendez
Campaign Finance
Termination 12/09/2022: Transferring $870.81 to new committee not identified
November 2022 Report #2: $500 raised; $1,511.60 spent; $870.81 on hand; $0 debt
November 2022 Report #1: $0 raised; $0 spent; $1,882.41on hand; $0 debt
Treasurer: Chris Clark (former treasurer for former candidate for State Senator 2018; former treasurer for former candidate for 23rd Ward Alder Robert Crump 2013; former treasurer for former candidate for Sheriff Robert Vroman Sternberg 2012)
*No party committeewoman account filed at MEC

Old 12th Ward Republican Committeeman Joe Carretero
Neighborhood: Boulevard Heights, New 2nd Ward
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: currently at Campbell Security; retired sergeant at St. Louis Police Dept, “Kettle” lawsuit; was security manager for Pulitzer Arts Foundation while a policer officer; retired sergeant major from U.S. Army
Campaign Finance
*No party committeeman account filed at MEC

Old 13th Ward Democratic Committeewoman– Vacant

Old 13th Ward Democratic Committeeman Fred Wessels Jr.
Neighborhood: Holly Hills
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: co-owner of Poderosa Properties; former Community Development Agency Director; former executive director of St. Louis Peregrine Society
Other Elected Office: former State Rep, former 13th Ward Alder, former candidate for City Treasurer
Campaign Finance
April 2023 Report: $0 raised; $0 spent; $1,477.45 on hand; $0 debt
January 2023 Report: $0 raised; $0 spent; $1,477.45 on hand; $0 debt
October 2022 Report: $0 raised; $0 spent; $1,477.45 on hand; $0 debt
Treasurer: Gloria Wessels (owner of Cruises & Tours by Gloria; wife of Committeeman Wessels; treasurer of Leadership Committee PAC 2014-2016)

Old 13th Ward Republican Committeewoman Diane Dailey
Neighborhood:
Residence Tax Abated:
Occupation: realtor, retired sergeant at St. Louis Police Dept
Campaign Finance
*No party committeeman account filed at MEC

Current 13th Ward Republican Committeeman Matt Kotraba
See former Alder candidates below

Former Public Officials

Former 12th Ward Alder William ‘Bill’ Stephens
Neighborhood: Boulevard Heights
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: former librarian
Other Elected Office: candidate for State Rep. 2022
Other Political: Chair of LGBTQ Caucus, Missouri Democratic Party
Campaign Finance
Account says it is a candidate committee for State Rep 81st District in 8/6/2024 Primary
January 2023 Report: Limited Activity
October 2022 Report: Limited Activity
September 2022 Report: $500 raised; $2,515.84 spent; $2,686.15 on hand; $5,108.16 debt
Treasurer: Madeline Buthod (14th Ward Committeewoman)

Former 12th Ward Alder Larry Arnowitz (deceased)
Campaign Finance
April 2023 Report: Limited Activity
October 2022 Report: Limited Activity (late)
July 2022 Report: Limited Activity (late)
April 2022 Report: Limited Activity (late)
January 2022 Report: Limited Activity (late)
October 2021 Report: Limited Activity (late)
July 2021 Report: Limited Activity (late)
April 2021 Report: Limited Activity (late)
October 2020 Report: Limited Activity (late)
July 2020 Report: $0 raised, $0 spent, $21,745.06 on hand, $0 debt
Deputy Treasurer: Philomena Arnowitz (wife/widow Of Alder Arnowitz)

Former Alder Candidates

Tony Kirchner
Neighborhood: Bevo Mill
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: deputy sheriff
2023 Alder General Election: 1,472 (47.4%)
2023 Alder Primary: 2nd of 3 candidates, 1,088 of Votes of 2,670
Campaign Finance
April 2023 Report: $5,200 raised ($2,600 Todd Schnuck- Schnuck Markets, $2,600 Husch Blackwell- Lawyers of TIF); $12,152.86 spent ($3,000 G3 Strategies- Greg Christian, PIO @ City Sheriff); $10,912.53 on hand; $2,000 debt
March 2023 Report: $14,890 raised ($2,600 Commerce Bank, $2,600 attorney Jerry Schlichter, $2,500 former Emerson Electric CEO David Farr, $1000 Leadership Counts- a legal money laundry for Steve Stone + STL Cardinals + LIUNA 42 + Kevin Short, $250 former Mayor Vince Schoemehl, $150 former 17th Ward Alder Joe Roddy); $14,577.74 spent; $17,865.39 on hand; $2,000 debt
February 2023 Report #2: $7,785 ($1,000 LIUNA 42, $250 Alder Jack Coatar, $100 former Sheriff Jim Murphy, $100 Alder Carol Howard); $0 spent; $17,553.13 on hand; $2,000 debt
February 2023 Report #1: $3,715 raised ($500 St. Louis Police Officers Assn, $300 former 8th Ward Alder Steve Conway, $250 Lobbyist/Lawyers of TIF David Sweeney), $3,183.20 spent (mostly on mailing), $9,768.13 on hand, $2,000 debt
January 2023 Report #2: $1,682 raised, $2,529.17 spent, $9,236.33 on hand, $2,000 debt
January 2023 Report #1: $11,368 raised ($1,000 from accused rapist Steve Roberts, $250 from Terence Niehoff- Alder Coatar’s PAC treasurer, $2,000 loan from the candidate), $1,284.50 spent, $10,083.50 on hand, $2,000 debt
Treasurer: Jen Graves

Matthew E. Kotraba
Note: There is a Matthew T. “Toby” Kotraba who is a St. Louis City firefighter and insurance agent
Neighborhood: Boulevard Heights
Residence Tax Abated: No
Occupation: infrastructure manager at BJC HealthCare
Party Office: 13th Ward Republican Committeeman
2023 Alder Primary: 3rd place of 3 candidates, 409 Votes of 2,670
Campaign Finance
Terminated committee 04/05/2023: $85 raised; $1,008.24 spent ($835.94 returned to donors); $0 on hand; $0 debt
February 2023 Report: $410 raised; $523.13 spent; $923.24 on hand; $0 debt
January 2023 Report #2: $550 raised ($500 St. Louis City GOP); $2,733.63 spent ($975 Newstalk STL radio); $1,036.37 on hand; $0 debt
January 2023 Report #1: $3,220 raised; $0 spent; $3,220 on hand; $0 debt
October 2022 Report: Limited Activity
Treasurer: Deb Bennett
* No party committeeman account filed at MEC

* Political Party County Central Committee ward and township committeepeople have the option to file their campaign finance reports with their county election authority- Board of Election Commissioners in the case of St. Louis City- or online with Missouri Ethics Commission. The St. Louis City Board of Election once posted pdfs of ward committeepeople campaign finance reports to the Board’s website. That is no longer the case. To inspect records, you must visit the Board in person.

** A committeeperson who is also an elected official is not required to have a separate campaign finance account for committeeperson contributions and expenses.

***appointed by Mayor Lyda Krewson, then Mayor Tishaura Jones

Aldergeddon: October MEC Reports

October campaign finance reports were due October 17th. Where “None” is shown for this report, it means none filed to date. Where Limited Activity for October was filed, the next report showing activity is also used. Where the last report showing activity is older than 2022, only on hand and debt amounts are shown. Links are to the candidate’s campaign finance or political action committee page at Missouri Ethics Commission.

New 1st Ward
Current 12th Ward Alder William ‘Bill’ Stephens, October 2022 Report- Limited Activity (late). September 2022 Report, State Rep 81st District- $500 raised, $2,515.84 spent, $2,686.15 on hand, $5,108.16 debt. Note: now says it is a State Rep 81st District 2024 account
Current 13th Ward Alder Anne Schweitzer, October 2022 Report, Alder- $2335 raised, $84.43 spent, $35,967.89 on hand, $0 debt

New 2nd Ward
Current 14th Ward Alder Carol Howard– Termination Report: $0 raised, $1,312.60 spent (mostly to her treasurer), $0 on hand, $0 debt. October 2022 Report, Alder- $0 raised, $333.20 spent, $1,312.60 on hand, $0 debt
Current 16th Ward Alder Thomas R Oldenburg, October 2022 Report, Alder- $0 raised, $10,911.54 spent (mostly to Kelley Group), $31,787.12 on hand, $0 debt

New 3rd Ward
Current 11th Ward Alder James ‘Jimmy’ P Lappe, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. July 2022 Report, Alder- $1,575 raised, $1,096.21 spent, $1478.79 on hand, $0 debt
Current 25th Ward Alder Shane Cohn, October 2022 Report, Alder- $1,525 raised, $787.85 spent, $3,483.09 on hand, $0 debt

New 4th Ward
Current 23rd Ward Alder Joseph A Vaccaro Jr, October 2022 Report, Alder- $8,035 raised, $1,404.60 spent, $13,566.65 on hand, $540.309 debt
Current 24th Ward Alder Bret Narayan, October 2022 Report, Alder- $3,952.84 raised, $0 spent, $5,857.89 on hand, $0 debt

New 5th Ward
Current 10th Ward Alder & Acting Board President Joseph Vollmer, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. July 2022 Report, Alder- $0 raised, $600 spent, $19,560.85 on hand, $0 debt

New 6th Ward
Current 8th Ward Alder Annie Rice, October 2022 Report, Alder- $0 raised, $117 spent, $1,908 on hand, $0 debt
Current 15th Ward Alder Megan Ellyia Green, October #2 2022 Report, Board President- Limited Activity. October #1 2022 Report, Board President- $68,584.95 raised, $70.458.98 spent, $40,769.25 on hand, $0 debt. Affiliated PAC Progress PAC, October 2022 Report, Board President- $3,875 raised, $153.08 spent, $3,721.92 on hand, $0 debt

New 7th Ward
Current 6th Ward Alder Christine Ingrassia, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. July 2019 Report, Alder- $2,474.33 on hand, $5,800 debt

New 8th Ward
Current 7th Ward Alder John ‘Jack’ Coatar, October #2 2022 Report, Board President- $36,225 raised, $71,884.32 spent (mostly to consultants including Kelley Group), $138,012.29 on hand, $0 debt. October #1 Report, Board President- $116,604.18 raised, $119,651.90 spent (mostly to consultants including Kelley Group), $174,171.61 on hand, $0 debt. Affiliated PAC Jack PAC, October 2022 Report, Board President- $54,134 raised, $500 spent, $96,138.34 on hand, $0 debt
Current 9th Ward Alder Dan Guenther, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. January 2022 Report, Alder- $200 raised, $798.95 spent, $8,586.50 on hand, $0 debt
Current 20th Ward Alder Cara Spencer, October 2022 Report, Alder- None. July 2022 Report, Alder- $0 raised, $566.17 spent, $8,400.82 on hand, $0 debt

New 9th Ward
Current 17th Ward Alder Tina Pihl, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. July 2022, Alder- $175 raised, $679.92 spent, $1,346.88 on hand, $86.72 debt
Current 28th Ward Alder Michael Gras, October Report, Alder- None. July 2022, Alder- $750 raised, $1,752.01 spent, $460.66 on hand, $6,779.27 debt

New 10th Ward
Current 26th Ward Alder Shameem Clark Hubbard, October 2022 Report, Alder- $8,935 raised, $9,159.84 spent (including golf cart for “events and canvassing), $3,548.49 on hand, $7,952.66 debt

New 11th Ward
Current 19th Ward Alder Marlene Davis, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity (filed late). July 2021 Report, Alder- $13,440 on hand, $0 debt
Current 21st Ward Alder Laura Keys, October 2022 Report, Alder- $0 raised, $0 spent, $229.53 on hand, $0 debt. Affiliated PAC 21st Ward Organization, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. April 2021 Report, Alder- $1,248.58 on hand, $0 debt

New 12th Ward
Current 1st Ward Alder Sharon Tyus, October 2022 Report, Alder- None. July 2021 Report, Alder- $21,257 on hand, $24,978.41 debt
Current 12th Ward Alder Dwinderlin Evans, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. January 2022 Report, Alder- $0 raised, $565 spent, $1,077 on hand, $0 debt
Current 18th Ward Alder Jesse Todd, October 2022 Report- Limited Activity. March 2019 Report, Alder- $42.57 on hand, $0 debt

New 13th Ward
Current 2nd Ward Alder Lisa Middlebrook, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. October 2021 Report, Alder- $100 on hand, $0 debt
Current 22nd Ward Alder Norma J Walker, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. September 2022 Report, Alder- $3,620 raised, $6,277.87 spent, $1,799.37 on hand, $2,000 debt
Current 27th Ward Alder Pamela Boyd, October 2022 Report, Alder- $2,956.04 raised, $340 spent, $4,002.21 on hand, $0 debt

New 14th Ward
Current 3rd Ward Alder Brandon Bosley, October 2022 Report, Alder- Limited Activity. April 2021 Report, Alder- $100 on hand, $0 debt
Current 5th Ward Alder James A Page Jr, October 2022 Report, Alder- $396.67 raised, $2,084.73 spent (mostly to Meyers Okohson Political Consulting), $2,326.65 on hand, $1,000 debt